The visual guide to
AP® European History
9 units, 111 topics. Each topic is explained in writing, drawn as a lesson you can watch, and checked with practice questions.
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Each unit is as wide as its share of the exam's multiple-choice section.Filled: topics you've opened.
Unit 1Renaissance and Exploration
- Humanism and the Recovery of Classical Texts
- The Italian City-States and Civic Humanism
- Linear Perspective and Renaissance Art
- Machiavelli and the Secular State
- The Northern Renaissance and Christian Humanism
- The Printing Press
- The New Monarchies
- The Technology of Ocean Voyages
- Rivals on the World Stage
- Colonial Expansion and the Columbian Exchange
- The Atlantic Slave Trade
- The Commercial Revolution
- The Manor, the Village, and Rural Life
Unit 2Age of Reformation
- Luther and the Break with Rome
- How the Reformation Spread
- Calvin, Zwingli, and the Radical Reformation
- The English Reformation
- The French Wars of Religion
- The Dutch Revolt and Spanish Power
- The Thirty Years' War and Westphalia
- The Catholic Reformation
- Society, Family, and the Witch Hunts
- Mannerism and Baroque Art
Unit 3Absolutism and Constitutionalism
- The English Civil War
- The Glorious Revolution and Constitutional Monarchy
- Agricultural Change and Enclosure
- Mercantilism and the Bullion Machine
- The Dutch Golden Age
- The Balance of Power
- The Military Revolution and the Fiscal-Military State
- Louis XIV and French Absolutism
- Absolutism in Prussia, Austria, and Russia
- Two Machines Compared
Unit 4Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Developments
- From the Ptolemaic Model to the Copernican
- Kepler, Galileo, and Newton
- Method, Instruments, and Scientific Institutions
- Reason, Natural Law, and the Separation of Powers
- Rousseau and the General Will
- The Republic of Letters and the Public Sphere
- Population, Food, and Mortality
- Family, Consumption, and Cottage Industry
- Rococo and Neoclassical Art
- Enlightened Absolutism
- The Partitions of Poland
Unit 5Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century
Unit 6Industrialization and Its Effects
- Why Britain Industrialized First
- The Spread of Industry Across Europe
- Second Wave Industrialization
- Railways and the Shrinking of Distance
- Urbanization and the Industrial City
- The Factory, the Family, and Child Labor
- The Concert of Europe and Conservatism
- The Revolutions of 1830 and 1848
- Liberalism, Socialism, and Marx
- Utopian Socialists, Anarchists, and Reform Movements
- 19th-Century Social Reform
- Unions, Welfare, and Public Health
Unit 719th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments
- Nationalism
- Italian Unification
- German Unification
- The Alliance System
- Darwin and Natural Selection
- Social Darwinism and Race Science
- The Age of Progress: Science, Medicine, and the City
- Modernity's Doubt: Freud, Nietzsche, and the New Physics
- New Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa
- The Technology of Empire
- Imperialism's Global Effects
- 19th-Century Culture and Arts
Unit 820th-Century Global Conflicts
- The Road to 1914
- Why the Western Front Stopped Moving
- The New Technology of War
- Total War and the Home Front
- The Russian Revolution
- Civil War and the Making of the Soviet State
- Versailles and the New Map of Europe
- Reparations and the Failure of Collective Security
- Hyperinflation and the Global Economic Crisis
- Fascism: How a Movement Takes a State
- Stalin's Five-Year Plans and Terror
- Interwar Europe and the Slide to War
- World War II in Europe
- Air War, the Atlantic, and the Bomb
- The Holocaust
- Modernism and the Shaken Worldview
Unit 9Cold War and Contemporary Europe
- Rebuilding Europe
- The Iron Curtain Descends
- Berlin: Blockade, Wall, and a Divided City
- Two Superpowers and the Arms Race
- Crises: Hungary, Cuba, and Prague
- Postwar Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Atrocities
- Welfare States and Western Democracies
- The Fall of Communism
- The Soviet Collapse and After
- 20th-Century Feminism
- Decolonization
- The European Union
- The Euro and European Identity
- Migration and Immigration
- Technology, Space, and the Atom
- Globalization
- Postwar Culture and Demographic Trends