The visual guide to
ACT®
49 units, 635 topics. Each topic is explained in writing, drawn as a lesson you can watch, and checked with practice questions.
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Each unit is as wide as its share of its test section. Striped units aren't weighted on the exam.Filled: topics you've opened.
Unit 1English: Sentence Structure and Formation
- Reading an Enhanced ACT English Item Stem
- Independent and Dependent Clauses
- Joining Two Independent Clauses
- Comma Splices
- Fused Sentences and Run-Ons
- Sentence Fragments
- Participial Phrase Fragments
- Verb Tense Shifts Between Clauses
- Shifts in Tense and Voice Across a Sentence
- Keeping Tense and Person from the Preceding Clause
- Tense, Voice, and Person Across a Whole Essay
- Subordination and Coordination
- Faulty Subordination in Long Sentences
- Faulty Placement of Adjectives
- Relative Pronouns: Who, Which, and That
- Dangling Modifiers
- Misplaced Modifiers and the Word Only
- Danglers That Still Read Clearly
- Parallelism in a Series of Verbs
- Parallelism in a Series of Phrases
- Parallelism in Complex Series and Correlative Pairs
- Faulty Placement of Phrases
- Weak Conjunctions Between Independent Clauses
- Run-Ons That Pass in Conversation
Unit 2English: Usage Conventions
- Past Tense and Past Participle of Irregular Verbs
- Lie and Lay, Rise and Raise, Sit and Set
- Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
- Choosing Comparative or Superlative by Context
- Adjective or Adverb
- Good and Well After Linking Verbs
- Straightforward Subject-Verb Agreement
- Agreement with Text Between Subject and Verb
- When an Intervening Phrase Suggests a Different Number
- Agreement with Inverted Subject-Verb Order
- Agreement with Indefinite Pronoun Subjects
- Compound and Collective Subjects
- Straightforward Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
- Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Across Clauses and Sentences
- Vague and Ambiguous Pronouns
- Pronouns That Point at a Whole Idea
- Pronoun Case in Compound Subjects and Objects
- Who and Whom
- Reflexive Pronouns
- The Possessives Its and Your
- Forming Simple and Compound Verb Tenses
- Perfect Tenses and the Order of Events
- Frequently Confused Word Pairs
- Less Common Confused Word Pairs
- Idiomatic Prepositions with Verbs
- Expressions That Deviate from Idiomatic English
Unit 3English: Punctuation Conventions
- Deleting Commas That Break Basic Sense
- Deleting Commas Between a Modifier and What It Modifies
- Commas with Items in a Series
- Deleting the Comma That Marks a False Pause
- Deleting Commas in Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs
- Apostrophes Used Incorrectly to Form Plurals
- Commas After a Long Introductory Element
- Commas to Avoid Ambiguity
- Commas Around Simple Parenthetical Elements
- Dashes and Parentheses for Complex Parenthetical Elements
- Matching Both Sides of a Punctuation Pair
- Punctuating Nonessential Appositives and Clauses
- Deleting Punctuation Around Essential Elements
- That and Which
- The Semicolon Linking Closely Related Independent Clauses
- Correcting Misused Colons and Semicolons
- The Colon Introducing an Example or Elaboration
- Semicolons in a Complex Series
- Commas with Coordinate Adjectives
- Apostrophes for Simple Possessive Nouns
- Possessives of Plural and Irregular Plural Nouns
- Possessive Pronouns Never Take an Apostrophe
- Punctuating However, Therefore, and Other Conjunctive Adverbs
- Choosing Among Comma, Semicolon, Colon, and Dash
Unit 4English: Topic Development — Relevance, Focus, and Deletion
- Deleting Material Irrelevant to the Essay's Topic (TOD 201)
- Deleting Material Irrelevant to the Essay's Focus (TOD 301, 401)
- Topic Versus Focus: Two Different Relevance Tests
- Relevance Judged Against the Paragraph, Not the Essay (TOD 501)
- Plausible but Potentially Irrelevant at a Given Point (TOD 601)
- When the Best Decision Is to Delete the Text (TOD 602)
- The Add-or-Delete Answer Grid: Decision First, Reason Second
Unit 5English: Topic Development — Purpose, Effect, and Goal
- The Purpose of a Word or Phrase When the Job Is Simple (TOD 302)
- Straightforward Purposes: Describing a Person, Giving Examples (TOD 402)
- Fairly Straightforward Purposes: Traits, Reasons, Motivations (TOD 502)
- Subtle Purposes: Setting Up a Point the Essay Makes Further Down (TOD 602)
- Subtle Purposes: Establishing the Essay's Tone (TOD 602)
- Complex Purposes: Anticipating the Reader's Need for Background (TOD 701)
- Using a Word or Phrase to Convey a Feeling or Attitude (TOD 403)
- Sharpening an Essay's Focus and Illustrating a Given Statement (TOD 504)
- Adding Emphasis and Expressing Meaning Through Connotation (TOD 603)
- Accomplishing a Complex Purpose in Terms of the Essay's Focus (TOD 703)
Unit 6English: Organization, Unity, and Cohesion — Transitions
- Transitions That Establish Time Relationships (ORG 201)
- Straightforward Logical Transitions: First, Afterward, In Response (ORG 401)
- Subtle Transitions Within and Between Sentences: Therefore, However, In Addition (ORG 501)
- Subtle Transitions Within and Between Paragraphs (ORG 601)
- Deciding Whether a Transition Is Needed at All (ORG 701)
- Contrast Transitions That Point the Wrong Way
- Cause, Effect, and Addition: Three Arrows That Look Alike
Unit 7English: Organization, Unity, and Cohesion — Placement, Paragraphing, Openings and Closings
- The Most Logical Place for a Sentence Inside a Paragraph (ORG 301)
- Placing a Sentence Using the Whole Essay, Not One Paragraph (ORG 402, 602)
- Rearranging the Sentences in a Paragraph for Logic (ORG 405, 503)
- Rearranging a Fairly Complex Paragraph for Logic and Coherence (ORG 604)
- Where to Divide a Paragraph to Meet a Rhetorical Goal (ORG 504)
- Paragraph Ordering: A Retired Item Type and What Replaced It
- Providing an Introduction to a Paragraph (ORG 403)
- Simple and Straightforward Conclusions (ORG 302, 404)
- Subtle Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions That Echo the Essay (ORG 502, 603)
- Sophisticated Conclusions Linked to One of the Essay's Main Images (ORG 702)
Unit 8English: Knowledge of Language — Concision and Redundancy
- Deleting Obviously Redundant and Wordy Material (KLA 301)
- Redundancy Contained Within a Single Phrase (KLA 401)
- Redundancy You Can Only See Across the Whole Sentence (KLA 502)
- Redundancy That Sounds Acceptable as Conversational English (KLA 602)
- Wordiness Involving Fairly Sophisticated Language (KLA 602)
- Material Redundant in Terms of the Paragraph or Essay as a Whole (KLA 701)
- When the Shortest Choice Is the Wrong Choice
Unit 9English: Knowledge of Language — Clarity, Word Choice, Style and Tone
- Revising Vague Writing That Creates an Obvious Logic Problem (KLA 201)
- Revising Vague, Clumsy, and Confusing Writing (KLA 501)
- Vague and Clumsy Writing Involving Sophisticated Language (KLA 601)
- Expressions That Deviate Markedly From the Essay's Style and Tone (KLA 302)
- Style and Tone Deviations That Are Subtle (KLA 503)
- The Most Appropriate Word When the Vocabulary Is Common (KLA 404)
- The Most Appropriate Word When the Vocabulary Is Uncommon (KLA 505)
- The Most Appropriate Word With Fairly Sophisticated and Sophisticated Vocabulary (KLA 604, 702)
- Determining the Need for Conjunctions Between Clauses (KLA 403, 504)
- Conjunctions That Create Subtle Logical Links Between Clauses (KLA 603)
- Reading the Stem: Clearest and Most Precise in Context
Unit 10English: Argumentative Essays, Short Essays, and Whole-Passage Questions
- The Argumentative Essay: New on Every Enhanced ACT Form
- Selecting the Strongest Support for a Specific Claim
- Evaluating Counterclaims and Concessions
- Sequencing an Argument Logically
- Conclusions That Reinforce the Essay's Main Claim
- Rhetorical Questions in an Argument Versus an Explanation
- The Narrative Essay and Its More Relaxed Style
- The Short 185-Word Essay With Five Items
- Whole-Essay Questions on a Short Passage
- The Boxed Question About the Preceding Passage as a Whole
- Goal Questions: Suppose the Writer Had Wanted To (TOD 303, 503, 702)
- Every Item Now Carries a Stem
Unit 11Math: Number and Quantity
- Rational and Irrational Numbers
- Place Value and Ordering Numbers on the Number Line
- Factors, Multiples, and Prime Factorization
- Greatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple
- Absolute Value as Distance
- Properties of Integer Exponents
- Rational Exponents and Radicals
- Scientific Notation
- Quantities, Units, and Unit Conversion
- Vectors: Magnitude, Direction, and Components
- Vector Addition and Scalar Multiplication
- Matrix Addition, Subtraction, and Scalar Multiplication
- Matrix Multiplication
- Matrices as a Number System
- A Matrix as a Linear System
- The Complex Plane and Multiplication by i
- Powers of i
- Operations with Complex Numbers
- Equations with Complex Roots
- The Complex Number System and Its Properties
- No Formula Sheet: What You Must Memorize
Unit 12Math: Algebra
- Evaluating Expressions by Substitution
- Combining Like Terms and the Distributive Property
- Solving Linear Equations in One Variable
- Rearranging Formulas and Literal Equations
- Rewriting Expressions and Equations in Equivalent Forms
- Slope from an Equation
- Linear Inequalities and the Sign Reversal
- Matching Inequalities to Number-Line Graphs
- Compound Inequalities
- Absolute-Value Equations
- Absolute-Value Inequalities
- Multiplying Binomials and Special Products
- Factoring: Difference of Squares and Perfect-Square Trinomials
- Factoring General Trinomials
- Solving Quadratics by Factoring and the Zero-Product Property
- Completing the Square and Vertex Form
- The Quadratic Formula and the Discriminant
- Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, and Cube Roots
- Radical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
- Rational Expressions and When They Are Undefined
- Solving Rational Equations
- Polynomial Expressions and Equations
- The Polynomial Remainder Theorem
- Systems of Equations: Substitution and Elimination
- One Solution, No Solution, or Infinitely Many
- Solving a System with a Matrix Equation
- Systems of Inequalities and the Shaded Region
- Four Answer Choices: Guessing, Elimination, and Backsolving
Unit 13Math: Functions — Properties of Functions
- Relations, Functions, and One Output per Input (F 505)
- Function Notation and Evaluating at a Value (F 401, F 501)
- Interpreting Function Notation in Context (F 507)
- Converting Between Table, Graph, Equation and Words
- Domain and Range as Valid Inputs and Outputs (F 506)
- Domain of Polynomial and Rational Functions (F 508)
- Range of Polynomial Functions (F 509)
- Vertical Asymptotes of Rational Functions (F 510)
- Piecewise and Radical Functions
- Function Notation for Simple Functions of Two Variables (F 511)
- Made-Up Operations Such as a diamond b = 3a - b (AF 304)
- Where a Function Model and the Real Situation Part Ways (F 504)
- Key Features of a Graph: Intercepts, Turning Points and Behavior
Unit 14Math: Functions — Composition, Transformation, and Inverse Functions
- Evaluating a Composite Function at a Value (F 604)
- Writing an Expression for the Composite of Two Functions (F 708)
- Order of Composition: f(g(x)) Versus g(f(x))
- Domain and Range of a Composition
- Inverse Functions and What They Undo
- Finding an Inverse by Swapping and Solving
- Inverse Graphs as a Reflection Across y = x
- Vertical Translations Up and Down (AF 604)
- Translation by Specified Horizontal and Vertical Amounts (AF 706)
- Reflections Across the Axes
- Vertical and Horizontal Stretches and Compressions
- Reading Graph Characteristics Off a General Equation Like y = ax^2 + c (AF 705)
Unit 15Math: Functions — Sequences and Series
- Arithmetic Sequences and the Common Difference
- Explicit Formulas for the nth Term
- Geometric Sequences and the Common Ratio (F 703)
- The Next Term of a Recursively Described Sequence (F 502)
- Writing a Recursive Rule for a Sequence (F 603)
- Summing an Arithmetic Series
- Summing a Geometric Series
- Sequences as Functions of the Term Number
- Sequence Items on the ACT and Their Absence from the Digital SAT
Unit 16Math: Functions — Trigonometric Functions
- From Right-Triangle Ratios to the Unit Circle (F 704)
- Radians as Arc Length on the Unit Circle
- Exact Values at 30, 45 and 60 Degrees Without a Formula Sheet
- The Sine, Cosine and Tangent Graphs Traced from the Circle
- Amplitude, Period, Phase Shift and Midline (F 705)
- Matching a Trigonometric Graph to Its Equation
- The Pythagorean Identity (F 706)
- Reciprocal and Quotient Identities
- Sum, Difference and Double-Angle Identities
- Solving a Simple Trigonometric Equation
- Inverse Trigonometric Functions and the Degree-Radian Mode Trap
Unit 17Math: Functions — Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
- Exponential Growth and Decay (F 702)
- Building an Exponential Function from a Situation
- A Logarithm Is an Exponent (F 707)
- Converting Between Logarithmic and Exponential Form
- Product, Quotient and Power Laws for Logarithms
- Change of Base and the Calculator
- Solving an Exponential Equation by Taking a Logarithm
- Exponential and Logarithmic Graphs as Reflections in y = x
- The Number e and the Natural Logarithm
- Compound Interest, Doubling Time and Half-Life
Unit 18Math: Functions — Relating Graphs to Situations and Building Functions
- Reading a Graph Qualitatively: Before and After, Higher and Lower (AF 303)
- A Graph as a Starting Value Plus an Amount per Unit (AF 403)
- Reading a Graph as Faster or Slower Change (F 601)
- Building Functions for Proportional and Linear Relations (F 503)
- Building Functions for Inversely Proportional Relations (F 602)
- Word-to-Symbol Translation (AF 402, AF 502)
- Matching a Linear Equation to Its Graph (AF 503)
- Building Functions for Cost, Profit and Distance Settings (AF 602, AF 702)
- Drawing Conclusions from Graphs in the Coordinate Plane (AF 603, AF 704)
- Comparing Actual Values to Model Values to Judge Fit (F 701)
- Choosing Between Two Competing Models
- What ACT Functions Tests That the Digital SAT Does Not
Unit 19Math: The Modeling Overlay
Unit 20Math: Geometry — Transformations, Proof, and Constructions
- Translating Points and Figures
- Reflections Across a Vertical or Horizontal Line
- Reflecting Across the Line y = x
- Rotating a Point 90 Degrees About the Origin
- Rotating 180 Degrees About a Given Center
- Dilations and Scale Factor
- What Each Transformation Preserves
- Composing Two Transformations
- Identifying a Transformation From Its Image
- Counting Lines of Symmetry
- Symmetry of Isosceles Triangles
- Building a Geometric Proof
- Conditional Statements and Counterexamples
- Deciding Which Statements a Theorem Requires
- Drawing Conclusions From a Set of Conditions
- Constructing a Perpendicular Bisector
- Bisecting an Angle With a Compass
- Constructing a Perpendicular Through a Point
- Constructing a Parallel Through a Point
- Constructing an Equilateral Triangle and a Regular Hexagon
- Why a Compass Construction Counts as a Proof
Unit 21Math: Geometry — Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry
- Congruence Criteria for Triangles
- Similarity Criteria for Triangles
- Setting Up Proportions in Similar Figures
- Scale Factor Versus Area and Volume
- The Pythagorean Theorem
- Pythagorean Triples
- The 30-60-90 Triangle
- The 45-45-90 Triangle
- Sine, Cosine and Tangent as Side Ratios
- Why a Trig Ratio Depends Only on the Angle
- Choosing the Right Trig Ratio
- Finding an Angle With Inverse Trig
- Angles of Elevation and Depression
- Sine and Cosine of Complementary Angles
- The Law of Sines
- The Law of Cosines
- The Ambiguous Case of the Law of Sines
- Area of a Triangle From Two Sides and the Included Angle
Unit 22Math: Geometry — Coordinate Geometry and Conic Sections
- The Distance Formula
- The Midpoint Formula
- Finding an Endpoint From a Midpoint
- Slope From Two Points or a Graph
- Slope and Intercepts From an Equation
- Writing the Equation of a Line
- Parallel and Perpendicular Slopes
- Finding a Point From Parallel or Perpendicular Conditions
- Reading Information Off a Coordinate Graph
- Area and Perimeter on the Coordinate Plane
- The Equation of a Circle
- Completing the Square for a Circle
- Parabola Vertex and Axis of Symmetry
- The Focus and Directrix of a Parabola
- The Equation of an Ellipse
- The Equation of a Hyperbola
- Telling the Conics Apart From an Equation
- Translating a Conic by Changing Its Equation
Unit 23Math: Geometry — Properties of Circles
- Radii, Chords, Secants and Tangents
- Central Angles and Arc Measure
- Inscribed Angles
- The Angle Inscribed in a Semicircle
- Tangent Lines and the Perpendicular Radius
- Two Tangents From an External Point
- Angles Formed by Chords Inside a Circle
- Angles Formed by Secants and Tangents Outside a Circle
- Arc Length
- Sector Area
- Chords and Their Distance From the Center
- Inscribed and Circumscribed Polygons
- Multistep Circle Problems
Unit 24Math: Geometry — Geometric Measurement and Modeling
- Basic Angle Properties and the Special Sums
- Vertical Angles and Linear Pairs
- Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal
- Finding an Angle Using Several Properties at Once
- Interior and Exterior Angle Sums of Polygons
- Perimeter of Polygons and Composite Figures
- Area of Triangles and Quadrilaterals
- Area and Circumference of Circles
- Composite Areas and Shaded Regions
- Finding Segment Lengths Inside a Figure
- Volume of Prisms and Cylinders
- Volume of Cones, Pyramids and Spheres
- Surface Area of Solids
- Composite Solids
- Working Backwards From a Volume or an Area
- Relationships Among Area, Perimeter and Volume
- Simple Geometric Probability
- Real-World Measurement and Appropriate Precision
- Multistep Geometry Problems
- The Missing Formula Sheet
Unit 25Math: Statistics and Probability — Describing Data
- Center, Shape, and Spread of a Dataset
- Mean, Median, and Mode — and When They Disagree
- Range, Spread, and Standard Deviation
- Normally Distributed Datasets
- Weighted Averages
- Finding a Missing Value Given the Mean
- The Mean from Frequency Counts
- Two-Way Frequency Tables and Categorical Association
- Scatterplots, Association, and Lines of Best Fit
- Residuals: Actual Values Minus Model Values
- Translating One Data Representation into Another
- Rounding and Appropriate Precision in Reported Data
Unit 26Math: Statistics and Probability — Inference, Probability, and Counting
- Sample Data, Population Parameters, and Margin of Error
- Using Simulation to Reject or Fail to Reject a Claim
- Randomization in Surveys, Experiments, and Observational Studies
- Probability of a Simple Event and Its Complement
- Describing Events as Combinations — And, Or, Not
- Probability When the Sample Space Is Not Given
- Conditional and Joint Probability
- Independence of Events in Real-World Contexts
- Expected Value
- Simple Counting Techniques and the Multiplication Principle
- Permutations Versus Combinations
- Venn Diagrams in Counting
Unit 27Math: Integrating Essential Skills
- Properties of Real Numbers
- Computation and Problem Solving with Real Numbers
- Ratio, Proportion, and Percent
- Writing Algebraic Expressions
- Writing and Solving Simple Equations and Inequalities
- Measurement Units and Unit Conversion
- Properties of Lines, Angles, and Shapes
- Perimeter, Circumference, and Area
- Surface Area and Volume of Prisms, Cylinders, Cones, and Spheres
- The Coordinate Plane
- The Pythagorean Theorem
- Scatterplots and Informal Lines of Best Fit
- Data Summaries and Displays
- Informal Inferential Statistics
- Basic Probability
- Multi-Step Arithmetic Word Problems
Unit 28Math: Pacing, Four Choices, and Question Strategy
- The 50-Minute Clock: 45 Items at 67 Seconds Each
- Items Ordered by Increasing Difficulty
- Four Answer Choices Instead of Five
- Back-Solving: Plugging In the Answer Choices
- Picking Numbers When the Choices Contain Variables
- No Formula Sheet: What You Have to Carry In
- The Calculator Policy and How to Use It
- When to Skip an Item and Come Back
- Embedded Field-Test Items: 4 of 45 Do Not Count
Unit 29Reading: The Section, the Genres, and the Formats
- The Two-Genre Passage Taxonomy
- Literary Narrative: Fiction and Memoir
- Informational Texts: Humanities, Social Science, Natural Science
- Single Passages: 650 and 750 Standard Words
- Paired Passages: A, B, and the Cross-Passage Set
- VQI: A Graph or Table Beside the Text
- The Attribution Line Above Every Passage
Unit 31Reading — Key Ideas and Details: Close Reading
Unit 32Reading — Key Ideas and Details: Central Ideas, Themes, and Summaries
Unit 33Reading — Key Ideas and Details: Relationships
Unit 34Reading — Craft and Structure: Word Meanings and Word Choice
Unit 35Reading — Craft and Structure: Text Structure
Unit 36Reading — Craft and Structure: Purpose and Point of View
Unit 37Reading — Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: Arguments
Unit 38Reading — Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: Synthesis of Multiple Texts
- Simple and Straightforward Comparisons Between Two Texts
- Building Two Argument Maps Side by Side
- Agreement and Disagreement Edges
- Drawing Conclusions From Two Literary Narratives
- Drawing Conclusions From Two Informational Texts
- When One Text Is Silent on the Other's Topic
- Tone, Scope and Stance Between Paired Texts
- Working the Cross-Passage Question Set
Unit 39Reading — Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: Visual and Quantitative Information
Unit 40Science: The Section, the Clock, and the Optional Decision
- What the ACT Science Section Actually Measures
- The Enhanced Blueprint: 40 Items, 34 Scored, 6 Passages
- Whether to Take the Optional Science Section
- Pacing: 40 Minutes Across Six Passages
- Reading the Figures Before the Prose
- Working Without a Calculator
- The 5 to 8 Items That Need Outside Science
- The Order to Attack a Science Passage
- The Science Score, the STEM Score, and the Composite
Unit 42Science: Interpretation of Data (13-17 items)
- Locating One Value in a Simple Graph or Table (IOD 201)
- Units, Axes, Legends and Keys (IOD 202)
- Finding the Numbers the Prose Describes (IOD 203 and 303)
- Selecting Two or More Values at Once (IOD 301)
- Basic Scientific Terminology in a Passage (IOD 302)
- How One Variable Changes as Another Changes (IOD 304)
- Complex Presentations: Phase Diagrams and Multi-Axis Figures (IOD 401)
- Comparing, Ordering and Summing Data (IOD 402)
- Translating Data Into a Table, Graph or Diagram (IOD 403)
- Simple Interpolation and Extrapolation (IOD 404)
- Combining Two or More Simple Presentations (IOD 501)
- Trends Inside a Complex Presentation (IOD 503)
- Combining a Simple Presentation With a Complex One (IOD 502, 601, 701)
- Simple Linear Mathematical Relationships in Data (IOD 504)
- Complex Nonlinear Relationships in Data (IOD 602)
- Complex Interpolation and Extrapolation (IOD 603)
- Analyzing Data When New Information Arrives (IOD 505 and 702)
Unit 43Science: Scientific Investigation (6-11 items)
- Independent, Dependent and Controlled Variables
- The Tools of an Experiment and What Each One Does (SIN 202 and 302)
- The Methods of a Simple Experiment (SIN 201 and 301)
- Understanding a Simple Experimental Design (SIN 401)
- Complex Experimental Design and Multi-Step Methods (SIN 303, 402, 501)
- Identifying the Control (SIN 403)
- Similarities and Differences Between Experiments (SIN 404)
- Which Experiment Used a Given Tool or Method (SIN 405)
- Predicting the Result of an Additional Trial (SIN 502)
- Working Backwards to the Conditions That Produce a Result (SIN 503)
- Determining the Hypothesis Being Tested (SIN 601)
- An Alternate Method for Testing the Same Hypothesis (SIN 602)
- Precision and Accuracy (SIN 701)
- Predicting the Effect of Modifying the Design (SIN 702)
- Which Additional Experiment Would Strengthen the Result (SIN 703)
- Engineering and Design: Constraints, Goals and Tradeoffs (SIN.ED)
Unit 44Science: Evaluating Scientific Arguments and Models with Evidence (8-13 items)
- Finding Information Inside a Conceptual Model (EMI 201)
- Identifying the Implications of a Model (EMI 301)
- Which Model Presents or Implies Given Information (EMI 302 and 403)
- Identifying Key Assumptions in a Model (EMI 402)
- Similarities and Differences Between Competing Models (EMI 404)
- Testing a Simple Hypothesis Against One Presentation (EMI 401)
- Testing a Hypothesis Against Two or More Presentations (EMI 501 and 701)
- Whether Information Supports or Contradicts a Hypothesis, and Why (EMI 502 and 702)
- Complex Hypotheses, Predictions and Conclusions (EMI 601)
- The Strengths and Weaknesses of Models (EMI 503)
- New Information That Supports or Weakens a Model (EMI 504 and 602)
- Using New Information to Make a Prediction From a Model (EMI 603)
- Which Results or Models Support a Hypothesis (EMI 505)
- Claim, Evidence and Reasoning as an Argument Structure
- Engineering and Design Thinking: Evaluating a Prototype (EMI.ED)
Unit 45Science: Background Knowledge - Life Science
Unit 46Science: Background Knowledge - Physical Science
- Atomic Structure
- Chemical Bonding, Equations, Nomenclature and Reactions
- Electrical Circuits
- Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
- Force and Motion
- Gravitation
- Heat and Work
- Kinetic and Potential Energy
- Magnetism
- Momentum
- The Periodic Table
- Properties of Solutions
- Sound and Light
- States, Classes and Properties of Matter
- Waves
Unit 47Science: Background Knowledge - Earth and Space Science
Unit 48Writing: The Optional Essay and Its Four Domains
- The Five Parts of the Writing Prompt
- The Framing Paragraph and the Question It Ends On
- The Three Labelled Perspectives
- The Four Bullets of the Essay Task
- Choosing Your Own Perspective
- Why Your Position Cannot Cost You Points
- The Optional, Unscored Planning Questions
- Planning Inside 40 Minutes
- How Two Readers Make a Domain Score
- Four Domains That Fill Independently
- Ideas and Analysis: The Thesis Verb Ladder
- Recognizing, Addressing, and Examining Tensions
- An Integrated Line of Reasoning and Illustration
- Qualifications and Complications That Bolster
- Organization: The Controlling Idea and the Progression
- Transitions Between and Within Paragraphs
- Why Error-Free Prose Stops at a 4
- Strategic Register, Voice, and Tone
- Analyzing the Relationship Between Perspectives
- The Paragraph About the View You Reject
- Concession and Rebuttal
- Introductions and Conclusions Under the Clock
- Handwriting and the Four Lined Pages
- Whether to Take the Writing Section at All
Unit 49The Enhanced ACT: Format, Scoring, and the Clock
- What the 2025 Enhancement Changed
- What an Old Prep Book Gets Wrong
- The Section List: Questions and Minutes
- Scored Items Versus Items You Answer
- How Field-Test Items Got Embedded
- Math Drops from Five Answer Choices to Four
- Linear, Not Adaptive
- Paper and Online: One Blueprint, One Clock
- The Composite Is Three Sections
- Rounding the Composite
- Raw Score to Scale Score
- What the 1 to 36 Scale Means
- The STEM Score
- The ELA Score and the Hidden Conversion
- The Four Ways to Take the ACT
- The College Readiness Benchmarks
- What a 50 Percent Likelihood of a B Means
- No Penalty for Wrong Answers
- Seconds per Item, Section by Section
- What One Long Question Costs You
- Superscoring Across Sittings
- Retaking the ACT and What Carries Over
- Section Order, the Break, and Dismissal
- Testing With One and One-Half Time