The visual guide to
AP® Physics 2: Algebra-Based
8 units, 134 topics. Each topic is explained in writing, drawn as a lesson you can watch, and checked with practice questions.
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Each unit is as wide as its share of the exam's multiple-choice section. Striped units aren't weighted on the exam.Filled: topics you've opened.
Unit 9Thermodynamics
- Pressure from Molecular Collisions
- Temperature and Average Kinetic Energy
- The Maxwell-Boltzmann Speed Distribution
- What Makes a Gas Ideal
- The Ideal Gas Law
- Reading a PV Diagram
- Heat Flow and Thermal Equilibrium
- Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
- Internal Energy of a System
- Work Done On and By a Gas
- The First Law of Thermodynamics
- The Four Thermodynamic Processes
- Heat Engines and Cyclic Processes
- Specific Heat and Calorimetry
- Thermal Conductivity
- Entropy and Microstates
- The Second Law and Irreversibility
Unit 10Electric Force, Field, and Potential
- Electric Charge and Coulomb's Law
- Comparing the Electric and Gravitational Forces
- Electric Permittivity of a Medium
- Conservation of Electric Charge
- Charging by Friction, Conduction, and Induction
- Polarization and Why Neutral Things Get Attracted
- The Electric Field of a Point Charge
- Field Lines and Superposition
- Fields Inside and Around Conductors
- The Uniform Field Between Parallel Plates
- Electric Potential Energy of Two Charges
- Potential Energy of Charge Configurations
- Electric Potential and Voltage
- Equipotential Surfaces and Their Link to the Field
- The Parallel-Plate Capacitor
- Dielectrics and Stored Energy
- Moving a Charge Through a Potential Difference
- Charged Particles Accelerated in a Field
Unit 11Electric Circuits
- What Electric Current Actually Is
- Drift Velocity Versus Signal Speed
- Reading a Circuit Schematic
- The Complete Loop and the Battery
- Resistivity and Wire Geometry
- Ohm's Law and Current-Voltage Graphs
- Ohmic and Nonohmic Circuit Elements
- Electric Power
- Where the Energy Goes in a Circuit
- Resistors in Series
- Resistors in Parallel
- Combination Resistor Networks
- Internal Resistance and Terminal Voltage
- Measuring Current and Potential Difference
- Kirchhoff's Loop Rule
- Kirchhoff's Junction Rule
- Solving a Two-Loop Circuit
- Capacitors in Series and Parallel
- Charging and Discharging an RC Circuit
Unit 12Magnetism and Electromagnetism
- Magnetic Fields and Field Lines
- Magnetic Dipoles and Magnetic Materials
- Magnetic Permeability of a Material
- The Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge
- The Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
- Circular Motion in a Magnetic Field
- Velocity Selectors and Mass Spectrometers
- The Field Around a Current-Carrying Wire
- Current Loops and Solenoids
- The Force on a Current-Carrying Wire
- Forces Between Parallel Wires
- Magnetic Flux
- Faraday's Law of Induction
- Lenz's Law
- Motional EMF and Generators
Unit 13Geometric Optics
- Light as a Ray
- The Law of Reflection
- Diffuse and Specular Reflection
- Plane Mirrors
- Concave Mirrors and Ray Diagrams
- Convex Mirrors
- The Mirror Equation and Magnification
- Refraction and Snell's Law
- Index of Refraction and Wave Speed
- Total Internal Reflection
- Dispersion
- Converging Lenses and Ray Diagrams
- Diverging Lenses
- The Thin Lens Equation
- Real and Virtual Images
Unit 14Waves, Sound, and Physical Optics
- What a Wave Pulse Carries
- Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
- Wavelength, Frequency, Period, and Speed
- Amplitude and Wave Energy
- Wave Speed and the Medium
- Reflection and Transmission at a Boundary
- Polarization
- Electromagnetic Waves
- The Electromagnetic Spectrum
- The Doppler Effect
- Superposition and Interference
- Beats
- Standing Waves on a String
- Standing Waves in Air Columns
- Single-Slit Diffraction
- Why Waves Bend Around Corners
- Double-Slit Interference
- Diffraction Gratings
- Path Difference and Phase
- Thin-Film Interference
- Phase Shift on Reflection
Unit 15Modern Physics
- Wave-Particle Duality
- The de Broglie Wavelength
- Photon Energy and Momentum
- The Bohr Model of Atomic Structure
- Energy Levels and Quantization
- Emission Spectra
- Absorption Spectra
- Reading Energy Level Diagrams
- Blackbody Radiation
- Peak Wavelength and Total Emission
- The Photoelectric Effect
- Work Function and Stopping Voltage
- Compton Scattering
- Mass-Energy Equivalence and Binding Energy
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear Fusion
- Half-Life and Decay Curves
- Alpha Decay
- Beta Decay
- Gamma Decay and Nuclear Conservation Laws
Unit 8Laboratory Investigations
- Lab Skills: Designing a Controlled Experiment
- Lab Skills: Linearizing Data and Reading a Slope
- Lab Skills: Uncertainty and Error Bars
- Lab: Boyle's Law and the Gas Laws
- Lab: Resistivity and Ohm's Law
- Lab: RC Circuits
- Lab: Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Induction
- Lab: Geometric Optics on an Optical Bench
- Lab: Interference, Diffraction, and Planck's Constant