The visual guide to
AP® Environmental Science
9 units, 119 topics. Each topic is explained in writing, drawn as a lesson you can watch, and checked with practice questions.
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Each unit is as wide as its share of the exam's multiple-choice section.Filled: topics you've opened.
Unit 1The Living World: Ecosystems
- Introduction to Ecosystems
- Symbiotic Relationships
- Competition and Resource Partitioning
- Terrestrial Biomes
- Aquatic Biomes
- The Carbon Cycle
- The Nitrogen Cycle
- The Phosphorus Cycle
- The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
- Primary Productivity
- Limiting Factors on Productivity
- Trophic Levels
- Energy Flow and the 10% Rule
- Food Chains and Food Webs
Unit 3Populations
- Generalist and Specialist Species
- K-Selected and r-Selected Species
- Survivorship Curves
- Carrying Capacity
- Overshoot and Die-Off
- Exponential and Logistic Growth
- Calculating Population Growth Rates
- Age Structure Diagrams
- Total Fertility Rate
- Human Population Dynamics
- Doubling Time and the Rule of 70
- Demographic Transition
Unit 4Earth Systems and Resources
- Plate Tectonics
- Plate Boundaries, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes
- Soil Formation and Horizons
- Erosion and Soil Degradation
- Soil Composition and Properties
- Earth's Atmosphere
- Global Wind Patterns
- Ocean Currents and Thermohaline Circulation
- Watersheds
- Solar Radiation and Earth's Seasons
- Earth's Geography and Climate
- El Nino and La Nina
Unit 5Land and Water Use
- The Tragedy of the Commons
- Clearcutting
- The Green Revolution
- Impacts of Agricultural Practices
- Irrigation Methods
- Pest Control Methods
- Meat Production Methods
- Impacts of Overfishing
- Surface and Subsurface Mining
- Acid Mine Drainage and Tailings
- Impacts of Urbanization
- Ecological Footprints
- Introduction to Sustainability
- Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
- Integrated Pest Management
- Sustainable Agriculture
- Aquaculture
- Sustainable Forestry
Unit 6Energy Resources and Consumption
- Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
- Global Energy Consumption
- Fuel Types and Uses
- Distribution of Natural Energy Resources
- Fossil Fuels
- Extraction of Coal, Oil, and Natural Gas
- Nuclear Power
- Nuclear Waste and Radioactive Decay
- Energy from Biomass
- Solar Energy
- Hydroelectric Power
- Geothermal Energy
- Hydrogen Fuel Cells
- Wind Energy
- Energy Conservation
Unit 8Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
- Sources of Pollution
- Human Impacts on Ecosystems
- Endocrine Disruptors
- Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
- Eutrophication
- Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, and Dead Zones
- Thermal Pollution
- Persistent Organic Pollutants
- Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
- Solid Waste Disposal
- Waste Reduction Methods
- Sewage Treatment
- Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
- Dose Response Curves
- Pollution and Human Health
- Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
Unit 9Global Change
- The Ozone Layer and Ultraviolet Radiation
- CFCs and the Ozone Hole
- Reducing Ozone Depletion
- The Greenhouse Effect
- Earth's Energy Budget and Albedo
- Increases in the Greenhouse Gases
- Global Climate Change
- Sea Level Rise and Melting Ice
- Ocean Warming
- Ocean Acidification
- Invasive Species
- Endangered Species
- Human Impacts on Biodiversity