JentooACT®

ACT® · Writing: The Optional Essay and Its Four Domains

Concession and Rebuttal

A concession admits that part of the opposing view has merit; a rebuttal then answers it inside your own argument, so the objection ends up working for you instead of against you.

A concession on its own is just giving something away. It only strengthens your essay when it is immediately followed by a rebuttal, a sentence that takes back the ground on your terms. The pairing works because readers already know the strongest objections to your view. If you ignore those objections, the reader supplies them silently and trusts you less. If you name the objection yourself and then answer it, you look like someone who has already thought the argument through, and the objection no longer sits out there unaddressed.

The move has a reliable shape. Start with a word that signals you are granting something real: Admittedly, or It is true that. State the opposing point fairly, without weakening it. Then pivot with a word like But or However, and show why that point does not actually defeat your claim. The pivot can attack the point directly, or it can accept the fact and reject only the conclusion drawn from it, which is the sharper version: you are not denying what the other side observed, only what they think it proves. Either way, each concession you make needs its own rebuttal sentence. A list of concessions with no answers is just a list of reasons to doubt you.

This pairing sits inside the broader task of addressing an opposing view, one of the four bullets the essay has to hit, and it feeds directly into the rubric row that judges how well an essay develops and supports ideas. A concession handled well also tends to improve organization, since it gives you a natural place, usually a middle paragraph, to pivot before your strongest point.

Key terms

Concession
A sentence admitting that an opposing point has some truth or merit.
Rebuttal
The sentence that answers a concession by showing why it does not defeat the writer's claim.
Rebutting the inference
Accepting a fact the other side raises while rejecting the conclusion they draw from it.
Unanswered concession
A conceded point with no follow-up rebuttal, which weakens the essay by leaving ground to the opposing side.

Watch it explained

  1. How it worksHow does a concession followed by a rebuttal move an argument forward instead of weakening it?
  2. Worked exampleShow me the move from Admittedly to But this overlooks, built on one concrete claim about funding.
  3. Going furtherWhat changes when you concede a fact but reject what the other side concludes from it?
  4. Common mistakeWhy isn't a concession you never answer just a point handed to the other side?

Check yourself

Your turneasy1 of 3
A writer concedes 3 points to the opposing side and then rebuts each one. Why does the argument get stronger?

End of topic.